The effect of muscle load on the post-prandial content of blood serum hydrolytic enzymes in men with different levels and specificity of daily physical activity
AbstractThe article presents data on the effect of the combined action of food and muscular load on the level of hydrolytic enzymes in blood serum of healthy young people 18–22 years old, with various levels of adaptation to the effects of physical activity. The first group (n=8) of the examined persons were high-qualified athletes developing their speed and power qualities in anaerobic energetic regime (Greco-Roman wrestling, sambo, judo). The second group (n=8) were athletes developing endurance in aerobic energetic regime (skiers, track and field athletes – stayers, biathletes).
The control group (n=8) consists of non-athletes. The content of hydrolytic enzymes: pepsinogen-1, pepsinоgen-2, the activity of pancreatic α-amylase, lipase were defined by ELISA. The content and activity of ferments were defined in blood serum, taken in the morning fasting and post-prandial period in dynamics after 15, 45, 75 and 105 min after administration of the test breakfast (100 g of ground boiled beef and 200 ml of unsweetened tea) in a state of relative physiological rest and after the veloergometric exercise muscular load (at the level of 60–70% of maximal oxygen consumption) during an hour (in 7–14 days). Multidirectional changes of concentration of investigated enzymes in the postprandial period among examined were defined in the conditions of relative physiological rest and under the action of the muscular tension. For groups of athletes higher α-amylase and lipase blood activity were characteristic both in a state of physiological rest and under the action of muscular load. It was also determined that after the muscular tension there was an increase in activity of α-amylase at 75 min and lipases at 15 min relative to background indicators at non-athletes. For the athletes from the second group the increase (р<0,01) relative to background data of activity as α-amylase as lipase on an empty stomach was noted. However postprandial (15–45 min) α-amylase (p<0,05) and lipase (p<0,001) activity was significantly decreased. At relatively high rates of fasting α-amylase activity there was a decrease of its level in the postprandial period, whereas at low rates of enzyme activity on an empty stomach its increase can be occurred in the postprandial period. Lipase activity changed in groups of athletes unidirectionally, it decreased (р<0,01) in athletes of the first group at 45 min. and in athletes from the second group at 15–105 min (р<0,001). For athletes of the first group, also as well for non-athletes, significantly lower blood lipase activity was noted at rest and in the conditions of muscular tension. After a physical load lipase activity in athletes from the second group was decreased throughout the postprandial period. Blood serum concentration of pepsinogen-1 and pepsinogen-2 were also significantly higher in the groups of athletes, but only in fasting conditions. After receiving the breakfast the content of these proenzymes were significantly lower in athletes comparable to the control group. Pepsinogen-2 concentration had a strong tendency to significant decrease after muscular exercise in all athletes throughout the postprandial period (at 15 and 105 min). For the athletes from the first group a decrease of pepsinogen-2 concentration to the values accepted as a norm (4–22 μg/l) was tended. The obtained data suggest that the revealed changes are associated with a sport orientation and a level of daily physical activity.
Keywords:acute muscular load, digestive enzymes, pepsinоgen, α-amylase, lipase, protein breakfast, athletes