Modern trends in study of polymorphism of genes encoding goat's milk proteins

This review emphasises the genotypical heterogeneity of the population of goats, which at the molecular level is manifested in the form of gene polymorphism in the milk proteins. Polymorphic genes, represented in the population of heterogeneous alleles, cause a wide variance in the chemical composition and processing properties of goat milk. We summarized the literature about the main features of genes encoding proteins of goat milk. It is stressed that goat's milk, due to genetic polymorphism has a great value when creating a new functional food product for children.