Assessment of the role of nutritional and genetic determinants in the formation of the risk of diseases associated with folate cycle disorders in the population of the Omsk region

Abstract

A number of essential nutrients are involved in the folate cycle, and its effectiveness depends on the sufficient intake of them. In addition, polymorphic variants of the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR), methionine synthase reductase (MTRR) and methionine synthase (MTR) genes affect a wide range of biochemical reactions of the folate cycle and should also be considered as a risk factor for the development of a number of diseases.

The purpose of this research was to study the prevalence of these risk factors.

Material and methods. The prevalence of polymorphisms of the folate cycle genes: C677T polymorphism of the MTHFR gene and A66G polymorphism of the MTRR gene in a random stratified (by sex and age) sample of the adult population of the Omsk region [n=139, 51 men, 88 women, aged 18 to 75 years, median age 37 (26; 48) years] was studied. The identification of polymorphisms was carried out by the method of allele-specific polymerase chain reaction with an electrophoretic detection scheme. Using the food intake frequency questionnaire, the dietary intake of nutrients involved in the folate cycle was determined: B vitamins (B6, B2, B9, B12), methionine, choline, in a representative stratified sample of residents of the Omsk region [n=421, 177 men, 244 women, aged 18 to 83 years, median age 37 (23; 57) years].

Results. MTHFR genotypes (A222V С677T C>T) were distributed as follows: CC-type – 51.3%, CT – 41.0%, TT – 7.7%; MTRR genotypes (I22M A>G): AA type – 57.9%, AG – 30.3%, GG – 11.8%. The analysis of actual nutrition showed consumption below the recommended dietary intake of folates in 88.2% persons, vitamin B2 and choline – in 40.5%, vitamin B6 – in 29.2%, methionine – in 22.0%. Vitamin B12 intake was within the recommended range.

Conclusion. The totality of the data presented indicates the combined influence and wide distribution of factors that determine the low efficiency of the folate cycle, and, as a result, a high risk of developing a characteristic pathology for the adult population of the region, which determines the need and priorities for prevention measures, including healthy nutrition.

Keywords:folate cycle; gene polymorphisms; vitamin sufficiency; population characteristics; Omsk region; adult population

Funding. The analysis of the research materials and the preparation of the manuscript of the article were carried out as part of the implementation of the State task of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation No. 056-00044-23-00 (project «Development of risk-based technologies for multi-level prevention of alimentary-dependent socially significant diseases»).

Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Contribution. Study concept and design – Turchaninov D.V., Vilms E.A.; data collection and analysis – Kozubenko O.V., Antonova I.V., Vilms E.A.; writing the text – Vilms E.A., Antonovа I.V.; editing, approval of the final version of the article, responsibility for the integrity of all parts of the article – all authors.

For citation: Vilms E.A., Turchaninov D.V., Antonova I.V., Kozubenko O.V. Assessment of the role of nutritional and genetic determinants in the formation of the risk of diseases associated with folate cycle disorders in the population of the Omsk region. Voprosy pitaniia [Problems of Nutrition]. 2023; 92 (2): 35–42. DOI: https://doi.org/10.33029/0042-8833-2023-92-2-35-42 (in Russian)

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CHIEF EDITOR
CHIEF EDITOR
Viktor A. Tutelyan
Full Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor, Scientific Director of the Federal Research Centre of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety (Moscow, Russia)

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