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6 . 2020

Alkaline transesterification CG-MS/MS method of monochlorpropanediol and glycidyl esters’ determination in some edible fats, oils and fat blends on Russian market

Abstract

Monochlorpropanediol fatty acid esters (MCPDE) andglycidyl fatty acid esters (GE) are mainly considered to be processing contaminants and their concentration can rise during high temperature refining and deodorization of edible oils. Free forms formed during digestive hydrolysis of esters such as 3-monochloropropane-1,2-diol (3-MCPD), 2-MCPD and glycidol can provoke a negative effect on human health. Therefore the quantitative determination of MCPDE and GE in edible oils, fats and fat blends is needed.

The aim - this manuscript deals with MCPDE and GE concentration measured as free 3-MCPD, 2-MCPD and glycidol in different edible oils, fats and fat blends of Russian market.

Material and methods. 55 edible oil and fat samples sold on Russian market including refined and non-refined oils and fat blends such as spreads, dairy fat replacers, and margarines have been analyzed. Slow alkaline transesterification method with GC-MS/MS was used.

Results. According to the data obtained, the highest concentrations of the contaminants were detected in fat blends: <0.10-5.03 mg/kg for 3-MCPD, <0.10-2.50 mg/kg for 2-MCPD and 0.15-11.17 mg/kg for glycidol. In palm oils and its fractions concentration of 3-MCPD was <0.10-6.61 mg/kg, 2-MCPD - <0.10-2.69 mg/kg and glycidol - <0.10-6.29 mg/kg. The content of glycidol in sunflower oils fluctuated in the range <0.10-1.19 mg/kg, 3-MCPD was <0.10-2.47 mg/kg, and 2-MCPD <0.10-0.67 mg/kg. Non-refined edible oils and olive oils had no or little MCPDE or GE.

Conclusion. In this work we indicate high importance of monitoring MCPDE and GE in edible oils and fats both as ready-to-eat products and as ingredients prior to the Russian market release. There is strong need in mitigation of these process contaminants during fat blends manufacturing.

Keywords:3-monochlorpropanediol fatty acid esters, 2-monochlorpropanediol fatty acid esters, glycidyl fatty acid esters, MCPD, glycidol, GC-MS/MS, slow alkaline transesterification, edible fats and oils, fat blends, palm olein, frying fat

Funding. The research was funded by the Russian Science Foundation (grant 19-76-30014).

Conflict of interest. Authors declare no conflict of interest

For citation: Makarenko M.A., Malinkin A.D., Bessonov V.V., Bokov D.O. Alkaline transesterification CG-MS/MS method of monochlorpropanediol and glycidyl esters' determination in some edible fats, oils and fat blends on Russian market. Voprosy pitaniia [Problems of Nutrition]. 2020; 89 (6): 113-22. DOI: 10.24411/0042-8833-2020-10084 (in Russian)

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CHIEF EDITOR
CHIEF EDITOR
Viktor A. Tutelyan
Full Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor, Scientific Director of the Federal Research Centre of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety (Moscow, Russia)

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