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1 . 2021

Modeling of iodine consumption with industrial processed foods made with iodized salt in the adults and pregnant in Armenia and Moldova

Abstract

In recent years, significant progress has been made at the global level in eliminating of iodine deficiency. However, until recently, there has been a gap in methods for estimating iodine intake with industrially processed foods (IPF) produced with iodized salt (IS).

The aim of this work was to study the iodine consumption with IPF and kitchen salt by the adult population and pregnant women in Armenia and Moldova.

Material and methods. For modeling iodine consumption, a special matrix based on MS Excel spreadsheets was used, into which data on the average per capita daily consumption of the main IPF, salt content in IPF, the share of IPF produced with IS in the total volume of their consumption, percentage of households using IS, and the iodine content in salt according to the national standard were entered.

Results and discussion. The estimated average daily salt consumption per capita of the adult population of Armenia was 10.6 g. Due to the use of IS in 93% of households and in the production of 82% of bakery products, 7% of cheese, 83% of meat products, 44% of canned vegetables and 5% of pasta, iodine intake in adults was 149% of the recommended daily allowance (RDA). Bakery products and iodized kitchen salt were the main sources of iodine (66 and 70% of the RDA respectively), and the share of other IPF did not exceed 13%. In Moldova, salt consumption was 11.9 gper day. Due to the use of IS for the production of 50% bakery products, 12% of canned vegetables and 20% of pasta, iodine consumption in adults in Moldova amounted to 74% of RDA almost entirely due to bakery products and kitchen salt (37 and 35% of the RDA respectively). The median urinary iodine concentration indicated adequate iodine intake in both countries and was significantly higher in Armenia (242yg/L) than in Moldova (136 yg/L). A planned 30% reduction in salt intake may lead to an inadequate reduction in iodine intake in pregnant women.

Conclusion. Adequate iodine intake among the adult population of Armenia and Moldova is ensured mainly through the use of IS in households and in the production of bakery products.

Keywords:iodine, iodized salt, Armenia, Moldova, bakery products, industrial processed foods

Funding. Provided by the grant from «Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation» (USA).

Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Acknowledgements. Authors would like to express their gratitude to J. Knowles, J. Gorstein, K. Sudzhyan and A. Shirvanyan for active participation in the project and assistance in the collection and processing of primary data.

For citation: Gerasimov G.A., Turcan L., Aslanian H., Salaru I., Demiscan D. Modeling of iodine consumption with industrial processed foods made with iodized salt in the adults and pregnant in Armenia and Moldova. Voprosy pitaniia [Problems of Nutrition]. 2021; 90 (1): 49-56. DOI: https://doi.org/10.33029/0042-8833-2021-90-1-49-56 (in Russian)

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CHIEF EDITOR
CHIEF EDITOR
Viktor A. Tutelyan
Full Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor, Scientific Director of the Federal Research Centre of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety (Moscow, Russia)

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