Basic principles of dietary therapy in type 2 diabetes mellitus: focus on antioxidant protection and endothelial dysfunction

Abstract

Oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction have been identified as the most important pathogenetic pathways for the development and progression of vascular complications in type 2 diabetes (T2DM).

Objective. To evaluate the effect of individual dietary components on oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction in patients with T2DM.

Material and methods. The search and analysis of publications was carried out using the PubMed, MEDLINE, Web of Science databases, mainly for the last 10 years, using the keywords “type 2 diabetes mellitus”, “endothelial dysfunction”, “polyphenols”, “antioxidants”, “diet”.

Results. It has been shown that despite the progress in the development of drugs for the correction of clinical and metabolic disorders in T2DM, diet therapy is an important therapeutic factor influencing the main mechanisms of development and progression of cardiovascular complications in T2DM, including hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, arterial hypertension, subclinical inflammation, endothelial dysfunction. Properly organized and built on modern scientific principles, clinical nutrition improves glycemic control, correction of arterial hypertension, dyslipidemia and overweight/obesity. Influencing the mechanisms of development of oxidative stress, therapeutic nutrition can serve as a preventive approach to protect against the occurrence of endothelial dysfunction and subsequent complications, primarily atherosclerotic origin.

Conclusion. The review presents current data on the effect of diet therapy on the main clinical and metabolic parameters in T2DM, endothelial function and oxidative stress, as the most significant factors in the development of systemic vascular complications.

Keywords:type 2 diabetes mellitus; antioxidant protection; endothelial dysfunction; nutrition; polyphenols

Funding. Research was carried out at the expense of the state budget for the implementation of the state assignment.

Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Contribution. Material collection, writing the text – Alekseev V.A.; interpretation and analysis of literature data – Plotnikova O.A.; editing, approval of the final version of the article – Sharafetdinov Kh.Kh.

For citation: Alekseev V.A., Sharafetdinov Kh.Kh., Plotnikova O.A. Basic principles of dietary therapy in type 2 diabetes mellitus: focus on antioxidant protection and endothelial dysfunction. Voprosy pitaniia [Problems of Nutrition]. 2022; 91 (4): 6–18. DOI: https://doi.org/10.33029/0042-8833-2022-91-4-6-18 (in Russian)

Received 04.05.2021. Accepted 01.07.2022.

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CHIEF EDITOR
CHIEF EDITOR
Viktor A. Tutelyan
Full Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor, Scientific Director of the Federal Research Centre of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety (Moscow, Russia)

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