Squid fat as a promising source of polyunsaturated fatty acids

Abstract

Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 PUFA) are substances that play an important role in human metabolism. They are essential nutritional factors and can improve the functioning of individual systems and the body as a whole. The main source of ω-3 PUFA has long been fish fat, which contains PUFA in the triglyceride form. A fairly new and promising alternative to fish fat is the liver fat of the Commander squid (Berryteuthis magister), which additionally contains alkylglycerols, contains PUFA in the phospholipid form and can be obtained from squid fishery waste.

The objective of the research was to carry out an analysis of scientific data, including the results of studies of the biological activity of squid fat, as well as its components that are part of other similar raw materials, and evaluate the prospects for its use in medical practice.

Material and methods. During the study, various sources were analyzed, including scientific literature from electronic databases eLibrary, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and electronic search engines Google Academy from 2000 to 2022.

Results. It is noted that squid fat has a pronounced biological activity. Its components increase innate immunity, have antitumor potential, improve the state of the body under stress, have hypolipidemiс and hypotensive effect, improve memory and attention, and also positively affect the composition and rheological parameters of blood. In addition to these effects, a positive effect of ω-3 PUFA and alkylglycerols on spermatogenesis, sperm quality and the female reproductive system has been noted. In a number of studies, alkyl-glycerol esters increased the permeability of the blood-brain barrier and, due to their structure, are able to form vesicles, therefore, they can be considered as raw materials for the production of new dosage forms for targeted therapy of brain tumors. In the available literature, in the case of the use of squid fat and its components, undesirable side effects have not been identified.

Conclusion. Squid fat is a complete source of ω-3 PUFA and alkylglycerols, therefore it can be recommended as a dietary supplement, especially in a diet low in ω-3 PUFA.

Keywords:polyunsaturated fatty acids; alkyl-glycerols; commander squid; Berryteuthis magister; squid fat

Funding. The research was carried out within the framework of the state assignment (topic No. FGMF-2022-0002).

Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Contribution. The concept and design of the study – Bokov D.O., Bessonov V.V., Rusinova M.B.; collection, analysis of the material – Bokov D.O., Rusinova M.B.; writing the text – Bokov D.O., Makarenko M.A., Paleeva M.A., Rusinova M.B.; editing, approval of the final version of the article, responsibility for the integrity of all parts of the article – all authors.

For citation: Bokov D.O., Makarenko M.A., Paleeva M.A., Rusinova M.B., Bessonov V.V. Squid fat as a promising source of polyunsaturated fatty acids. Voprosy pitaniia [Problems of Nutrition]. 2022; 91 (5): 116–23. DOI: https://doi.org/10.33029/0042-8833-2022-91-5-116-123 (in Russian)

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CHIEF EDITOR
CHIEF EDITOR
Viktor A. Tutelyan
Full Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor, Scientific Director of the Federal Research Centre of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety (Moscow, Russia)

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