Influence of multiple insufficiency of vitamin D and B group vitamins, calcium and magnesium in the diet of rats on micronutrient sufficiency and plasma biochemical indicators

Abstract

The lack of vitamins D, B group, calcium and magnesium is common for the diet of the Russian population. It has been previously demonstrated that that the elimination of B vitamin deficiency is a necessary condition for the implementation of vitamin D biological functions.

The aim of the research was to assess the effect of a combined deficiency of vitamins D and B group, calcium and magnesium in the diet of rats on biomarkers of micronutrient sufficiency and plasma biochemical indicators.

Material amd methods. Male Wistar rats with an initial body weight of 66±1 g were randomly assigned to one of five groups. The rats of the 1st group (Control) were fed a standard semi-synthetic diet (SD) for 28 days. The combined deficit of vitamins D and B group, calcium and magnesium in rats of four experimental groups was caused by a 5-fold decrease in their content in the vitamin mixture and 2-fold decrease in their content in mineral mixture of the SD for 23 days. Over the next 5 days, the rats of 2nd group (+В+D+Ca+Mg) were fed a diet replenished for all missing vitamins and minerals, the rats of 3rd group (-В+D+Ca+Mg) were fed a diet with continued deficiency of B group vitamins, the rats of the 4th group (+В+D-Ca-Mg) were fed a diet with continued lack of calcium and magnesium, the diet of the 5th group (-B-D-Ca-Mg) was not replenished. Vitamins B1 and B2 in lyophilized liver and brain and urine, riboflavin in plasma and 4-pyridoxic acid in urine were determined by fluorimetric methods, 25(OH)D in plasma was determined by ELISA, the level of vitamins A and E in blood plasma and lyophilized liver, of vitamin E in whole brain – by HPLC. Biochemical parameters of blood plasma were determined using a biochemical analyzer.

Results. In rats of the 5th group (-B-D-Ca-Mg), there were 3.4-fold increase (p<0.05) in iron plasma level, 1.7-fold elevation (p<0.10) in alkaline phosphatase activity, and 1.8-fold decrease (p<0.05) in alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity on the background of the increase in α-tocopherol blood plasma level by 26.7% (p<0.05) and liver content by 2.0 fold (p<0.05) relative to the indicators in animals who hadn’t passed the deficiency of micronutrients (Control) and / or from the 2nd group (+B+D+Ca+Mg). The lack of B group vitamins in the diet, which persisted during the correction of vitamin D, calcium and magnesium deficiency in rats of the 3rd group (-B+D+Ca+Mg), inhibited the recovery of diagnostically significant biochemical parameters of blood plasma (namely, an increased level of glucose, iron, triglycerides, cholesterol, α-tocopherol, increased alkaline phosphatase activity and reduced ALT activity) to the level in animals of the control group and/or rats fed the diet replenished for all missing micronutrients (+B+D+Ca+Mg).

Conclusion. Combined deficiency of several micronutrients led to changes in biochemical blood parameters. Reduced intake of calcium and magnesium during the correction of the lack of vitamins D and B group in the diet can have a negative impact on vitamin B2 status. Even under normal dietary vitamin E intake the combined deficiency of several other micronutrients affected the metabolism of this vitamin (increased levels of vitamin E in the liver and blood plasma of animals). Chronic combined alimentary deficit of B vitamins, calcium and magnesium, which is characteristic in the diet of the Russian population, reduces vitamin D bioavailability, which justifies the expediency of using vitamin-mineral complexes.

Keywords:vitamin D; B group vitamins; calcium; magnesium; combined micronutrient deficiency; correction of vitamin and mineral status; blood plasma; liver; brain; rats

Funding. The research was carried out within the framework of the state assignment (topic No. FGMF-2022-0002).

Conflict of interest. Vrzhesinskaya O.A. is a scientific editor and executive secretary of the editorial office of the journal, the other authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Contribution. Concept and design of the study – Beketova N.A., Kosheleva O.V., Vrzhesinskaya O.A., Kodentsova V.M., setting up the experiment, collecting and processing the material – Beketova N.A., Vrzhesinskaya O.A., Guseva G.V., Kosheleva O.V., Leonenko S.N., Sokolnikov A.A., Zorin S.N., statistical processing and text writing – Beketova N.A., editing, approval of the final version of the article, responsibility for the integrity of all parts of the article – all authors.

For citation: Beketova N.A., Kodentsova V.M., Vrzhesinskaya O.A., Kosheleva O.V., Sokolnikov A.A., Guseva G.V., Leonenko S.N., Zorin S.N., Zhilinskaya N.V. Influence of multiple insufficiency of vitamin D and B group vitamins, calcium and magnesium in the diet of rats on micronutrient sufficiency and plasma biochemical indicators. Voprosy pitaniia [Problems of Nutrition]. 2022; 91 (6): 37–49. DOI: https://doi.org/10.33029/0042-8833-2022-91-6-37-49 (in Russian)

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CHIEF EDITOR
CHIEF EDITOR
Viktor A. Tutelyan
Full Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor, Scientific Director of the Federal Research Centre of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety (Moscow, Russia)

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