Concepts of modern gerontology and geriatrics and the role of nutrition in their achievement
Abstract
Many factors take part in increasing the healthy period of life – the quality of the environment, drinking water, psychological attitudes in society, dietary patterns, comfort of living, quality of housing, economic relations in the state and society, the degree of landscaping and much more. Collectively, the factors that lead to a healthier and longer life are called the environment that promotes longevity. The scientific study of such an environment, changing everyday life in terms of its quality related to health and increasing duration, is the newest trend in anti-aging medicine. Individual viability (intrinsic capacity) is one of the 4 concepts of geriatrics. The main concept is senile asthenia, the second is premature aging, the third is age viability, which is a psychological state of aging. It seems promising to study the effect of nutrition on individual vitality and longevity.
Objective – to study the influence of nutrition on the aging process, to develop further preventive programs based on the data obtained.
Methods. Search for literature on nutrition and age problems was held in the databases of RSCI, PubMed, Google Scholar by keywords: aging, ageism, nutrition, individual viability, age-related changes, resilience diet, age-related viability, senile asthenia, domain approach, age.
Results. Domain-based assessment is a modern diagnosticis of the condition of people of older age groups, which forms the basis for the development of gerontological preventive programs, in which nutrition plays an important role. Modern studies indicate that the transition in nutrition from «Western» patterns to diets with a high content of plant products, as well as fish, vegetable protein (nuts), reduced salt content prevents the development of complications of age-associated diseases by the mechanism of reducing inflammation and hyperinsulinemia, replenishing micronutrient deficiency.
Conclusion. Many studies have confirmed the relationship between compliance with optimal nutrition and longevity, as well as a reduced risk of early development of age-associated diseases. Further research in the field of gerontology will help in the future to develop a comprehensive system of measures aimed at increasing life expectancy and increasing individual viability.
Keywords:aging; ageism; nutrition; individual viability; age-related changes; resilience diet; age-related viability; senile asthenia; domain approach; age
Funding. The study did not have sponsorship.
Conflict of interests. The authors declare no conflict of interest.
Contribution. The concept, design, collection and analysis of the material, writing the text, responsibility for integrity – all authors.
For citation: Ilnitski A.N., Ryzhkova E.I., Veys E.E. Concepts of modern gerontology and geriatrics and the role of nutrition in their achievement. Voprosy pitaniia [Problems of Nutrition]. 2023; 92 (2): 71–9. DOI: https://doi.org/10.33029/0042-8833-2023-92-2-71-79 (in Russian)
References
1. Ilnitski A.N., Prashchayeu K.I., Trofimova S.V., Birjukova I.V. Preventive geriatrics vs anti-aging medicine. Uspehi gerontologii [Advances in Gerontology]. 2015; 28 (3): 589–92. (in Russian)
2. Ilnitski A.N., Prashchayeu K.I., Korshun E.I. Cellular chronoblockers and brain aging. Gerontologija [Gerontology] [Electronic resource]. 2017; (1). http://gerontology.su/magazines?text=231 (in Russian)
3. Gichev Yu.P. Ecological conditionality of premature aging and reduction of life expectancy of the population of Russia. Gigiena i sanitarija [Hygiene and Sanitation]. 2002; (6): 48–51. (in Russian)
4. Darhan H., Zoda A., Kikusato M., Toyomizu M., Katoh K., Roh S.G., et al. Correlations between mitochondrial respiration activity and residual feed intake after divergent genetic selection for high- and low- oxygen consumption in mice. Anim Sci J. 2019; 90 (7): 818–26. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/asj.13210
5. Zabihi F., Koeppe H., Achazi K., Hedtrich S., Haag R. One-pot synthesis of poly (glycerol-co-succinic acid) nanogels for dermal delivery. Biomacromolecules. 2019; 20 (5): 1867–75. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.biomac.8b01741
6. Wei L., Zhao X. A new MCM modification cycle regulates DNA replication initiation. Nat Struct Mol Biol. 2016; 23 (3): 209–16. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/nsmb.3173
7. Steptoe A., Deaton A., Stone A.A. Subjective wellbeing, health, and ageing. Lancet. 2015; 385 (9968): 640–8. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(13)61489-0
8. Rudnicka E., Napierała P., Podfigurna A., Męczekalski B., Smolarczyk R., Grymowicz M. The World Health Organization (WHO) approach to healthy ageing. Maturitas. 2020; 139: 6–11. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.maturitas.2020.05.018 (in Russian)
9. Ilnitski A.N., Potapov V.N., Proshchaev K.I., Gorelik S.G., Kravchenko E.S., Zirikov A.V., et al. Interaction of gerontological schools in the modern world: focus on ensuring individual and age-related viability. Vestnik Vserossijskogo obshhestva specialistov po mediko-social’noj jekspertize, reabilitacii i reabilitacionnoj industrii [Bulletin of the All-Russian Society of Specialists in Medical and Social Examination, Rehabilitation and Rehabilitation Industry]. 2020; (1): 86–94. DOI: https://doi.org/10.17238/issn1999-2351.2020.1.86-94 (in Russian)
10. Ilnitski A.N., Prashchayeu K.I., Matejovska-Kubeshova H., Korshun E.I. Resilience in gerontology and geriatrics (review). Nauchnye rezul’taty biomedi-cinskih issledovanij [Research Results in Biomedicine]. 2019; 5 (4): 102–16. DOI: https://doi.org/10.18413/2658-6533-2019-5-4-0-8 (in Russian)
11. Resilience in aging: concepts, research, and outcomes. Eds by B. Resnick, L.P. Gwyther, K.A. Roberto. Springer, 2018: 433 p. ISBN 13 978-3030045548.
12. Ungvari Z., Tarantini S., Sorond F., Merkely B., Csiszar A. Mechanisms of vascular aging, a geroscience perspective: JACC focus seminar. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2020; 75 (8): 931–41. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2019.11.061
13. Anisimov V.N. Premature ageing prevention: limitations and perspectives of pharmacological interventions. Curr Drug Targets. 2006; 7 (11): 1485–503. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2174/1389450110607011485
14. Lederman S. The funding channels of geroscience. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med. 2023; 13 (1): a041210. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1101/cshperspect.a041210
15. Stacy A., Belkaid Y. Microbial guardians of skin health. Science. 2019; 363 (6424): 227–8. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aat4326
16. Umigai N., Murakami K., Ulit M.V., Antonio L.S., Shirotori M., Morikawa H., et al. The pharmacokinetic profile of crocetin in healthy adult human volunteers after a single oral administration. Phytomedicine. 2011; 18 (7): 575–8. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phymed.2010.10.019
17. Devaraj S., Mathur S., Basu A., Aung H.H., Vasu V.T., Meyers S., Jialal I. A dose-response study on the effects of purified lycopene supplementation on biomarkers of oxidative stress. J Am Coll Nutr. 2008; 27 (2): 267–73. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/07315724.2008.10719699
18. Sinclair D.A., LaPlante M.D. Lifespan: Why We Age – and Why We Don’t Have To. New York: Atria Books, 2019. 700 p. ISBN 13 978-1501191978
19. Ilnitski A.N., Proshchaev K.I. Resilient. Health book. Moscow: Diskurs-Labirint, 2021: 336 p. ISBN 978-5-907418-05-9. (in Russian)
20. Ilnitski A.N., Proshchaev K.I. Resilience-diet and prevention of premature aging. Gerontologija [Gerontology] [Electronic resource]. 2020; 8 (2): URL: http://www.gerontology.su/magazines?text=341
21. Ferreira-Pêgo C., Rodrigues J., Costa A., Sousa B. Eating behavior: The influence of age, nutrition knowledge, and Mediterranean diet. Nutr Health. 2020; 26 (4): 303–9. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0260106020945076
22. Carbone E.T., Zoellner J.M. Nutrition and health literacy: a systematic review to inform nutrition research and practice. J Acad Nutr Diet. 2012; 112 (2): 254–65. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jada.2011.08.042
23. Polegato B.F., Pereira A.G., Azevedo P.S., Costa N.A., Zornoff L.A.M., Paiva S.A.R., et al. Role of thiamin in health and disease. Nutr Clin Pract. 2019; 34 (4): 558–64. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/ncp.10234
24. Marx W., Moseley G., Berk M., Jacka F. Nutritional psychiatry: the present state of the evidence. Proc Nutr Soc. 2017; 76 (4): 427–36. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0029665117002026
25. Thomas E., Battaglia G., Patti A., Brusa J., Leonardi V., Palma A., et al. Physical activity programs for balance and fall prevention in elderly: A systematic review. Medicine (Baltimore). 2019; 98 (27): e16218. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/MD.0000000000016218
26. de Vos W.M., Tilg H., Van Hul M., Cani P.D. Gut microbiome and health: mechanistic insights. Gut. 2022; 71 (5): 1020–32. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/gutjnl-2021-326789
27. Loeb S., Fu B.C., Bauer S.R., Pernar C.H., Chan J.M., Van Blarigan E.L., et al. Association of plant-based diet index with prostate cancer risk. Am J Clin Nutr. 2022; 115 (3): 662–70. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/nqab365
28. Aroke D., Folefac E., Shi N., Jin Q., Clinton S.K., Tabung F.K. Inflammatory and insulinemic dietary patterns: Influence on circulating biomarkers and prostate cancer risk. Cancer Prev Res (Phila). 2020; 13 (10): 841–52. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1158/1940-6207.CAPR-20-0236
29. Nagpal R., Mainali R., Ahmadi S., Wang S., Singh R., Kavanagh K., et al. Gut microbiome and aging: Physiological and mechanistic insights. Nutr Healthy Aging. 2018; 4 (4): 267–85. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3233/NHA-170030
30. Kim N.V., Sheveleva S.A. The role of the gut microbiome in health and diet-related diseases. Voprosy pitaniia [Problems of Nutrition]. 2021; 90 (6): 31–41. DOI: https://doi.org/10.33029/0042-8833-2021-90-6-31-41 (in Russian)
31. Sheveleva S.A., Kuvaeva I.B., Efimochkina N.R., Markova Yu.M., Prosyannikov M.Yu. Gut microbiome: from the reference of the norm to pathology. Voprosy pitaniia [Problems of Nutrition]. 2020; 89 (4): 35–51. DOI: https://doi.org/10.24411/0042-8833-2020-10040 (in Russian)
32. Zolnikova O.Yu., Ivaschkin K.V., Bueverova E.L., Ivaschkin V.T. Intestinal microbiota, nutrientsand probiotics viewed from the «gut-lung» axis. Voprosy pitaniia [Problems of Nutrition]. 2019; 88 (3): 13–22. DOI: https://doi.org/10.24411/0042-8833-2019-10025 (in Russian)
33. Puzin S.N., Pogozheva A.V., Potapov V.N. Optimizing nutrition of older people as a mean of preventing premature aging. Voprosy pitaniia [Problems of Nutrition]. 2018; 87 (4): 69–77. DOI: https://doi.org/10.24411/0042-8833-2018-10044