Review of the possible impact of 100% juices on nutritional quality, risk of obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus
AbstractStudies show that fruit juices are a source of macro- and micronutrients. Despite the fact that modern technologies for the industrial processing of fruits into juice are aimed at preserving the bioactive compounds of the original raw materials, juices are the subject of controversy due to the presence of free sugars and less dietary fiber than in fresh fruits.
The purpose of the work was to systematize the available studies on the effect of 100% juices on nutrition quality, obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Material and methods. Systematic search in PubMed, Google Scholar, eLIBRARY databases in accordance with the inclusion criteria: the study examined 100% fruit or vegetable juices, the article was in Russian or English in a peer-reviewed journal, the subjects (in the case of clinical studies) were people aged 1 to 18 years and older. 98 sources were analyzed based on the title of the article, of which 35 did not relate to juices. 63 sources were analyzed based on their abstracts, of which 28 were included in the main study.
Results. According to the results of the literature analysis, it follows that moderate consumption of 100% juices not only does not have negative effects on human health, but, on the contrary improve the health of the organism. In particular, its intake helps lower blood pressure and the content of highly sensitive C-reactive protein, thereby reducing the risk of cardiovascular diseases. Juices enrich the daily diet due to the macro- and micronutrients they contain, which improves the quality of nutrition in general. Researches prove that there is no correlation between moderate juice consumption and type 2 diabetes onset. The glycemic index of the juices is low or medium, which distinguishes them from standard soft drinks containing sugar. The consumption of juices (100–500 ml/day) does not increase the risk of obesity in adults and children.
Conclusion. Negative effects, such as weight gain and an increased risk of diabetic diseases, can only be observed with excessive consumption of juices.
Keywords:juice; free sugars; type 2 diabetes mellitus; obesity; nutritional quality
Funding. The study was not sponsored.
Conflict of interest. Polyakov S.A., Dobrynin O.S., Makarov V.S. and Shashin D.L. are employees of JSC “Multon”, the paper presents the author’s point of view. All other authors declare no conflicts of interest.
Contribution. Concept and design of the study – Polyakov S.A., Dobrynin O.S., Makarov V.S., Shashin D.L.; data collection and statistical processing – all authors; writing the text – Polyakov S.A., Dobrynin O.S., Khomich L.M.; editing, approval of the final version of the article, responsibility for the integrity of all parts of the article – all authors.
For citation: Polyakov S.A., Dobrynin O.S., Makarov V.S., Shashin D.L., Khomich L.М. Review of the possible impact of 100% juices on nutritional quality, risk of obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Voprosy pitaniia [Problems of Nutrition]. 2023; 92 (5): 28–38. DOI: https://doi.org/10.33029/0042-8833-2023-92-5-28-38 (in Russian)
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27. Valls R.M., Pedret A., Calderón-Pérez L., Llauradó E., Pla-Pagà L., Companys J. et al. Effects of hesperidin in orange juice on blood and pulse pressures in mildly hypertensive individuals: a randomized controlled trial (Citrus study) // Eur. J. Nutr. 2021. Vol. 60, N 3. Р. 1277-1288. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-020-02279-0
28. Aptekmann N.P., Cesar T.B. Long-term orange juice consumption is associated with low LDL-cholesterol and apolipoprotein B in normal and moderately hypercholesterolemic subjects // Lipids Health Dis. 2013. Vol. 12. P. 1-10. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/1476-511X-12-119
29. Amini M.R., Sheikhhossein F., Bazshahi E., Rahimi H., Ghalandari H., Ghaedi E. et al. Orange juice intake and lipid profile: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials // J. Nutr. Sci. 2023. Vol. 12. Р. e37. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/jns.2023.22
30. Milenkovic D., Deval C., Dubray C., Mazur A., Morand C. Hesperidin displays relevant role in the nutrigenomic effect of orange juice on blood leukocytes in human volunteers: a randomized controlled cross-over study // PLoS One. 2011. Vol. 6, N 11. Article ID e26669. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0026669
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34. Cara K.C., Beauchesne A.R., Wallace T.C., Chung M. Effects of 100% orange juice on markers of inflammation and oxidation in healthy and at-risk adult populations: a scoping review, systematic review, and meta-analysis // Adv. Nutr. 2022. Vol. 13, N 1. Р. 116-137. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/advances/nmab101
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37. D’Elia L., Dinu M., Sofi F., Volpe M., Strazzullo P.; SINU Working Group, Endorsed by SIPREC. 100% Fruit juice intake and cardiovascular risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective and randomised controlled studies // Eur. J. Nutr. 2021. Vol. 60, N 5. Р. 2449-2467. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-020-02426-7
38. Choo V.L., Viguiliouk E., Blanco Mejia S., Cozma A.I., Khan T.A., Ha V. et al. Food sources of fructose-containing sugars and glycaemic control: systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled intervention studies // BMJ. 2018. Vol. 363. Article ID k4644. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.k4644 PMID: 30463844; PMCID: PMC6247175.
39. Murphy M.M., Barrett E.C., Bresnahan K.A., Barraj L.M. 100% fruit juice and measures of glucose control and insulin sensitivity: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials // J. Nutr. Sci. 2017. Vol. 6. Р. e59. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/jns.2017.63
40. Wang B., Liu K., Mi M., Wang J. Effect of fruit juice on glucose control and insulin sensitivity in adults: a meta-analysis of 12 randomized controlled trials // PLoS One. 2014. Vol. 9, N 4. Article ID e95323. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0095323
41. Li B., Yan N., Jiang H., Cui M., Wu M., Wang L. et al. Consumption of sugar sweetened beverages, artificially sweetened beverages and fruit juices and risk of type 2 diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, and mortality: a meta-analysis // Front. Nutr. 2023. Vol. 10. Article ID 1019534. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2023.1019534
42. Alhabeeb H., Sohouli M.H., Lari A., Fatahi S., Shidfar F., Alomar O. et al. Impact of orange juice consumption on cardiovascular disease risk factors: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized-controlled trials // Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr. 2022. Vol. 62, N 12. Р. 3389-3402. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/10408398.2020.1865263
43. Motallaei M., Ramezani-Jolfaie N., Mohammadi M., Shams-Rad S., Jahanlou A.S., Salehi-Abargouei A. Effects of orange juice intake on cardiovascular risk factors: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled clinical trials // Phytother. Res. 2021. Vol. 35, N 10. Р. 5427-5439. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.7173
44. Moore L.L., Zhou X., Wan L., Singer M.R., Bradlee M.L., Daniels S.R. Fruit juice consumption, body mass index, and adolescent diet quality in a biracial cohort // Beverages. 2023. Vol. 9, N 2. Р. 42. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/beverages9020042
45. Ruxton C.H.S., Myers M. Fruit juices: are they helpful or harmful? An evidence review // Nutrients. 2021. Vol. 13, N 6. Article ID 1815. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13061815
46. Sakaki J.R., Melough M.M., Li J., Tamimi R.M., Chavarro J.E., Chen M.H. et al. Associations between 100% orange juice consumption and dietary, lifestyle and anthropometric characteristics in a cross-sectional study of US children and adolescents // Nutrients. 2019. Vol. 11, N 11. Article ID 2687. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11112687
47. Auerbach B.J., Wolf F.M., Hikida A., Vallila-Buchman P., Littman A., Thompson D. et al. Fruit juice and change in BMI: a meta-analysis // Pediatrics. 2017. Vol. 139, N 4. Article ID e20162454. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2016-2454
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